The process of turning a 3D scene into a 2D image or movie is known as rendering.
Blender is actually rendering all the time - it has to display on your 2D screen somehow! The render engine that you see in the 3D View is known as Workbench, but you can also render with two other powerful render engines.
Eevee is a real time, rasterized renderer that is similar to what you would find in a game engine. Cycles is a path tracer, which calculates light very realistically. You can read more about the differences and see comparisons between the two in this blogpost
To render to an image or movie, you'll need a camera object. In this lesson, we also cover some of the basic camera settings and how to manipulate them to get the right shot. Two excellent courses on cameras and rendering that will take you further are:
