Logically you'll want to add white and black colours to the ball (assumption). So here's a quick way to do so;
EDIT: 9-12-2018: before going indo edit mode, select your icosphere and hit "/" for local view. That way selecting every face goes a bit smoother compaired with using the middle mousebutton.
1: (smaller pentagon): - Edit mode -> Vertex selection -> Select the middle vertex of any pentagon....
-> Ctrl+"+" to select the whole pentagon -> Face selection mode...
-> Shift+G "Perimeter", Compaire = Equal, Threshold = 0.00003...
-> Go to Object Data (left from Materials) -> Add Vertex Group -> Assign (and name if you like).
2: (Larger pentagon): - Edit mode -> Face selection -> Select the middle triangle of any pentagon....
Repeat the rest of 1.
3: Select both Vertex Groups and Ctrl+I (i not 1, invert selection)...
-> Go to Object Data (left from Materials) -> Add Vertex Group -> Assign (and name if you like).
Guessing this might come in handy for some ;-)
