Chris, I see that you use empties a lot in your rigs, even when you are using an armature. IMHO, I think that is a bad idea. There is NOTHING an empty can do that a bone cannot. Also, it clutters up and complicated the animations. For every empty that needs to be keyed in an animation, a new action is created for that object. An armature has the advantage of having the ability to key multiple bones in one single action. Less clutter. Easier editing/polishing. I hope that you will rethink your choices as to how you build your rigs, or at least explain the severe downside to using empties in rigging to those that you are teaching. Thanks!